Imaging apparatus and imaging method

ABSTRACT

An imaging apparatus images an imaging object which is stored in a container having an optical transparent wall part tomographically via the wall part. An FD-OCT imaging apparatus sets an optical path length of a reference light in conjunction with a setting of a focal depth such that a position corresponding to the focal depth is between a position conjugate with a first surface and a position conjugate with a second surface in a reflected light intensity distribution representing a relationship between a position in an incident direction of an illumination light and a reflected light intensity. Here, the first surface is a surface on the imaging object side out of surfaces of the wall part. The second surface is another surface on a side opposite to the imaging object out of the surfaces of the wall part.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-185552 filed onSep. 23, 2016 including specification, drawings and claims isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a technique for imaging by detecting aninterference light component of reflected light from an imaging objectand reference light and particularly to a technique for imaging animaging object carried in a carrier having optical transparency.

2. Description of the Related Art

In technical fields of medicine and biochemistry, samples carried in anappropriate carrier such as cells and microorganisms cultured in acontainer are observed. Techniques for imaging cells and the like usinga microscope or the like are proposed as methods for observation withoutaffecting the cells and the like to be observed. One of such techniquesutilizes an optical coherence tomography technique. In this technique,low-coherence light emitted from a light source is caused to be incidentas illumination light on an imaging object and interference light ofreflected light (signal light) from the imaging object and referencelight having a known optical path length is detected, whereby anintensity distribution in a depth direction of the reflected light fromthe imaging object is obtained for tomographic imaging.

Out of these, a technique for obtaining a reflected light intensitydistribution in a depth direction by causing signal light including awide band component and reference light to interfere with each other andFourier-transforming a spectrum of the reference light is called a“Fourier domain optical coherence tomography imaging technique; FD-OCT”.In the FD-OCT technique, since a wavelength in a spectrum ofinterference light becomes information corresponding to a depthdirection of an imaging object, tomographic information of the imagingobject in a depth of field of an optical system can be collectivelyobtained and high-speed imaging is possible.

In the FD-OCT technique, it is known that noise called complex conjugatenoise is generated in an image of an imaging object. This unavoidablyoccurs due to the principle of transforming a spectrum of interferencelight into a reflected light intensity distribution in a depth directionby a Fourier transform. A technique described in JP2010-164574A is, forexample, known as a technique for eliminating the influence of suchnoise. This technique is designed to cause two reference lights havingdifferent optical path lengths to interfere with signal light whilebeing switched by a chopper in order to solve a problem that a phaseshift method, which is a prior art for canceling complex conjugatenoise, requires a plurality of number of times of imaging.

If a cell or the like carried in a container is an imaging object,imaging may be performed via a wall part (e.g. bottom part) of theoptically transparent container. In such a case, since a container wallsurface acts as a strong reflection surface, complex conjugate noise dueto reflected light from the container wall surface is superimposed on atomographic image. Depending on the setting of a reference plane, arequired image of the imaging object and a complex conjugate image ofthe container wall surface may overlap, thereby causing a problem thataccurate tomographic information of the imaging object cannot beobtained.

The noise removal method of the above prior art is thought to exhibit acertain effect also in such a case. However, since the case of strongreflection from the container wall part is not supposed, effectivenessof this case is unclear. Further, a special apparatus configurationhaving a plurality of reference systems is necessary, which causes aproblem that the apparatus becomes complicated, enlarged and expensive.From this, it is desired to establish a technique capable of suppressingthe influence of complex conjugate noise due to reflected light from acontainer wall surface without requiring such a complicated apparatusconfiguration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention was developed in view of the above problem and an objectthereof is to provide a technique capable of obtaining a tomographicimage with good image quality free from the influence of image noise dueto reflection on a container wall surface by a simple configuration in atechnique for imaging an imaging object in a container utilizing theinterference of reflected light from the imaging object and referencelight.

To achieve the above object, one aspect of the invention is directed toan imaging apparatus for tomographically imaging an imaging objectstored in a container having an optical transparent wall part. Theimaging apparatus comprises a detector which causes one branch lightbranched from low coherence light in a wide band emitted from a lightsource to be incident as illumination light on the imaging object viathe wall part, detects interference light generated by interference ofsignal light obtained by condensing reflected light from the imagingobject emitted via the wall part by an objective optical system andreference light generated from another branch light and outputs aninterference signal corresponding to the detected interference light, asignal processor which obtains a reflected light intensity distributionof the imaging object in an incident direction of the illumination lightby Fourier-transforming a spectrum of the interference light based onthe interference signal and generates a tomographic image from thereflected light intensity distribution, and a controller which changes afocal depth of the objective optical system with respect to the imagingobject in the incident direction. The controller changes an optical pathlength of the reference light in conjunction with the setting of thefocal depth such that a position corresponding to the focal depth isbetween a position conjugate with a first surface and a positionconjugate with a second surface in the reflected light intensitydistribution representing a relationship between a position in theincident direction and a reflected light intensity. Here, the firstsurface is a surface on the imaging object side out of surfaces of thewall part and the second surface is another surface on a side oppositeto the imaging object out of the surfaces of the wall part.

Further, to achieve the above object, another aspect of this inventionis directed to an imaging method for tomographically imaging an imagingobject stored in a container having an optical transparent wall part.The imaging method comprising causing one branch light branched from lowcoherence light in a wide band emitted from a light source to beincident as illumination light on the imaging object via the wall part,detecting interference light generated by interference of signal lightobtained by condensing reflected light from the imaging object emittedvia the wall part by an objective optical system and reference lightgenerated from another branch light and outputting an interferencesignal corresponding to the detected interference light, obtaining areflected light intensity distribution of the imaging object in anincident direction of the illumination light by Fourier-transforming aspectrum of the interference light based on the interference signal, andgenerating a tomographic image from the reflected light intensitydistribution. A focal depth of the objective optical system with respectto the imaging object in the incident direction is changeable and anoptical path length of the reference light is changed in conjunctionwith a setting of the focal depth such that a position corresponding tothe focal depth is between a position conjugate with a first surface anda position conjugate with a second surface in the reflected lightintensity distribution representing a relationship between a position inthe incident direction and a reflected light intensity. Here, the firstsurface is a surface on the imaging object side out of surfaces of thewall part and the second surface is another surface on a side oppositeto the imaging object out of the surfaces of the wall part.

An imaging principle in this invention relies on an FD-OCT technique forobtaining the reflected light intensity distribution in a depthdirection by causing the signal light including a wide band componentand the reference light to interfere with each other andFourier-transforming the spectrum of the interference light. In FD-OCTimaging via the container wall part, complex conjugate images of thefirst surface on a side close to the imaging object and the secondsurface on a side opposite to the imaging object across the firstsurface, out of the surface of the wall part, may overlap with an imageof the imaging object to possibly become noise.

The complex conjugate image of the container wall surface appears at aposition conjugate with a position where an image of the container wallsurface appears, i.e. symmetrical with this position with respect to areference plane specified by the optical path length of the referencelight. Accordingly, that appearing position depends on the setting ofthe reference plane. Thus, it is also thought to distance the complexconjugate image of the container wall surface from the image of theimaging object by sufficiently separating the reference plane from theimaging object. However, it is desirable to set the reference plane nearthe imaging object in terms of image quality. More specifically, a focalplane of the objective optical system for condensing the reflected lightfrom the imaging object and the reference plane are preferably as closeto each other as possible.

Accordingly, in the invention, the position of the reference plane isset according to the focal depth of the objective optical system.Specifically, in the reflected light intensity distribution in the depthdirection, the optical path length of the reference light for specifyingthe reference plane is set such that the positions respectivelyconjugate with the first and second surfaces are located at oppositesides of the position corresponding to the focal depth of the objectiveoptical system. Even if the complex conjugate image of the first surfaceand that of the second surface appear in the tomographic image, nofurther complex conjugate image due to the container wall surfaceappears in a region between these complex conjugate images. Thus, if theoptical path length of the reference light is set such that the positioncorresponding to the focal depth of the objective optical system islocated between the complex conjugate images of the container wallsurface, i.e. the complex conjugate images of the container wall surfaceappear at positions across the focal plane of the objective opticalsystem, tomographic information of the imaging object can be obtainedwithout being influenced by complex conjugate noise due to the containerwall surface at least near the focal plane.

A thickness of the wall part can be grasped in advance from the shape ofthe container used, and the positions of the first and second surfacesduring imaging can also be estimated. Thus, the optical path length ofthe reference light can be set in conjunction with the setting of thefocal depth such that the appearing positions of the complex conjugateimages of the first and second surfaces satisfy the above condition.Since the reference plane needs not be largely distanced from the focalplane, image quality can also be improved.

As described above, according to the invention, the influence of thecomplex conjugate noise due to the container wall surface can beeliminated near the position corresponding to the focal depth of theobjective optical system. Since the above effect can be obtained ifthere is a function of setting the optical path length of the referencelight in conjunction with the setting of the focal depth of theobjective optical system, a tomographic image having the influence ofthe complex conjugate noise eliminated therefrom can be obtained by asimple apparatus configuration.

The above and further objects and novel features of the invention willmore fully appear from the following detailed description when the sameis read in connection with the accompanying drawing. It is to beexpressly understood, however, that the drawing is for purpose ofillustration only and is not intended as a definition of the limits ofthe invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the image processing apparatus as anembodiment of the imaging apparatus according to the invention.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are drawings for describing the principle of imaging inthis image processing apparatus.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing other configuration examples of theOCT apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a positional relationshipbetween the focal depth of the objective optical system and thereference plane.

FIGS. 5A to 5C are drawings showing a relationship between the positionof the reference plane and the reflected light intensity distribution.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are drawings showing the principle of the imagingoperation in this imaging apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the principle of setting the reference planecorresponding to the focal depth.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are drawings showing a concept when the peaks of thecomplex conjugate signals have certain spreads.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the imaging operation in the imageprocessing apparatus.

FIG. 10 is a drawing showing a reflected light peak position when thefocal depth is below half the container bottom part thickness.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the image processing apparatus as anembodiment of the imaging apparatus according to the invention. Theimage processing apparatus 1 tomographically images a spheroid (cellaggregate) cultured in culture medium as an imaging object, processesthe obtained image and generates a stereoscopic image of the spheroid.Note that although an example of imaging a spheroid as the imagingobject is illustrated here, the imaging object is not limited to this.For unified presentation of the directions in drawings, the XYZorthogonal coordinate axes are established as shown in FIG. 1. The XYplane is a horizontal surface. The Z axis represents the vertical axis,in more detail, the (−Z) direction represents the vertically downwarddirection.

The image processing apparatus 1 comprises a holder 10. The holder 10holds in an approximately horizontal posture a container 11 which has aflat bottom surface made of transparent and uniform glass or resin andis called a “dish” in such a manner that an opening of the dish isdirected toward above. A predetermined amount of an appropriate culturemedium M is poured in the container 11 in advance, and a spheroid Sp iscultured in the medium at the bottom part 111 of the container 11.Although FIG. 1 shows only one spheroid Sp, a plurality of spheroids Spmay be cultured in one container 11.

An imaging unit 20 is disposed below the container 11 which is held bythe holder 10. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) apparatus capableof imaging tomographic images of an imaging object in a non-contactnon-destructive (non-invasive) manner is used as the imaging unit 20.The imaging unit 20 which is an OCT apparatus comprises a light source21 which emits illumination light for an imaging object, a beam splitter22 which splits light from the light source 21, an objective opticalsystem 23, a reference mirror 24, a spectroscope 25 and a photo-detector26.

Further, the image processing apparatus 1 comprises a control unit 30which controls operations of the apparatus and a drive controller 40which controls movement of movable parts of the imaging unit 20. Thecontrol unit 30 comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 31, an A/Dconvertor 32, a signal processor 33, a 3D restoration section 34, aninterface (IF) section 35, an image memory 36 and a memory 37.

The CPU 31 governs operations of the entire apparatus by executing apredetermined control program. The control program executed by the CPU31 and data which are generated during processing are saved in thememory 37. The A/D convertor 32 converts a signal which thephoto-detector 26 of the imaging unit 20 outputs in accordance with theamount of received light into digital image data. The signal processor33 performs image processing described later based upon a digital dataoutputted from the A/D converter 32, thereby generates a tomographicimage of the imaging object. Based upon image data of a plurality oftomographic images, the 3D restoration section 34 generates astereoscopic image (3D image) of the imaged cell aggregate. The imagememory 36 saves the image data of the tomographic images generated bythe signal processor 33 and the image data of the stereoscopic imagegenerated by the 3D restoration section 34.

The interface section 35 realizes communication between the imageprocessing apparatus 1 and outside. More specifically, the interfacesection 35 has a function of communicating with external equipment, anda user interface function of accepting manipulation by a user andinforming the user of various types of information. For this purpose, aninput device 351 and a display section 352 are connected to theinterface section 35. The input device 351 is for instance a key board,a mouse, a touch panel or the like which can accept manipulation andentry concerning selection of the functions of the apparatus, setting ofoperating conditions, etc. The display section 352 comprises a liquidcrystal display for example which shows various types of processingresults such as the tomographic images imaged by the imaging unit 20 andthe stereoscopic image generated by the 3D restoration section 34.

Further, the drive controller 40 makes the imaging unit 20 scan and movein accordance with a control command given from the CPU 31. As describednext, the tomographic images of the spheroid (cell aggregate) which isthe imaging object are obtained owing to combination of scan moving ofthe imaging unit 20 executed by the drive controller 40 and detection ofthe amount of the received light by the photo-detector 26.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are drawings for describing the principle of imaging inthis image processing apparatus. More specifically, FIG. 2A is a drawingwhich shows optical paths inside the imaging unit 20, and FIG. 2B is aschematic drawing which shows tomographic imaging of a spheroid. Asdescribed earlier, the imaging unit 20 works as an optical coherencetomography (OCT) apparatus.

In the imaging unit 20, from the light source 21 which includes a lightemitting element such as a light emitting diode or a super luminescentdiode (SLD) for instance, a low-coherence light beam L1 containing awide-range wavelength components is emitted. The light beam L1 impingesupon the beam splitter 22, and some light L2 indicated by thebroken-line arrow propagates toward the well W, and some light L3indicated by the arrow of long dashed short dashed line propagatestoward the reference mirror 24.

The light L2 propagating toward the well W is incident on the container11 by way of the objective optical system 23. More specifically, thelight L2 emitted from the beam splitter 22 is incident on the bottompart 111 of the container 11 via the objective optical system 23. Theobjective optical system 23 has a function of converging the light L2propagating from the beam splitter 22 toward the container 11 to theimaging object in the container 11 (spheroid Sp in this case) and afunction of collecting the reflected light emitted from the imagingobject and causing it to propagate toward the beam splitter 22. Althoughthe objective optical system 23 is illustrated as a single objectivelens in FIG. 2A, the objective optical system 23 may include a pluralityof optical elements.

The objective optical system 23 is movable in the Z direction by afocusing mechanism 41 which is disposed to the drive controller 40. Thisenables the focus position of the objective optical system 23 withrespect to the imaging object to be changed in the Z direction.Hereinafter, a focal position of the objective optical system in thedepth direction (Z-direction) is referred to as a “focal depth”. Anoptical axis of the objective optical system 23 is parallel to avertical direction and, therefore, perpendicular to the bottom part 111of the container 11 in the form of a flat surface. Further, an incidentdirection of illumination light on the objective optical system 23 isparallel to the optical axis, and the arrangement of the objectiveoptical system 23 is determined such that a light center of the lightcoincides with the optical axis.

The incident light L2 via the bottom part 111 is reflected at thesurface of the spheroid Sp unless the spheroid Sp transmits the lightbeam L2. On the other hand, when the spheroid Sp has a property oftransmitting the light beam L2 to a certain extent, the light beam L2propagates into inside the spheroid Sp and is reflected by a structureelement which is inside the spheroid. When the near infrared rays forinstance are used as the light beam L2, it is possible to allow theincident light to reach even inside the spheroid Sp. The reflected lightfrom the spheroid Sp is irradiated as scattered light in variousdirections. Out of that, light L4 irradiated within a light collectionrange of the objective optical system 27 is collected by the objectiveoptical system 27 and sent to the beam splitter 22.

By a mirror driving mechanism 42 provided in the drive controller 40,the reference mirror 24 is supported such that a reflection surfacethereof is perpendicular to an incident direction of the light L3, andsupported movably in a direction (Y direction in FIG. 2A) along theincident direction. The light L3 incident on the reference mirror 24 isreflected by the reflection surface and propagates toward the beamsplitter 22 as light L5 propagating in an opposite direction along anincident optical path. This light L5 becomes reference light. Bychanging the position of the reference mirror 24 by the mirror drivingmechanism 42, an optical path length of the reference light changes.

The reflected light L4 reflected by a surface or an internal reflectingsurface of the spheroid Sp and reference light L5 reflected by thereference mirror 24 are incident on the photo-detector 26 via the beamsplitter 22. At this time, interference due to a phase differencebetween the reflected light L4 and the reference light L5 occurs, but anoptical spectrum of interference light differs depending on a depth ofthe reflecting surface. That is, the optical spectrum of theinterference light has information on a depth direction of the imagingobject. Thus, a reflected light intensity distribution in the depthdirection of the imaging object can be obtained by spectrallydiffracting the interference light at each wavelength to detect a lightquantity and Fourier transforming a detected interference signal. An OCTimaging technique based on such a principle is called Fourier domain OCT(FD-OCT).

The imaging unit 20 of this embodiment is provided with a spectroscope25 on an optical path of the interference light from the beam splitter22 to the photo-detector 26. A spectroscope utilizing a prism, aspectroscope utilizing a diffraction grating and the like can be, forexample, used as the spectroscope 25. The interference light isspectrally diffracted for each wavelength component and received by thephoto-detector 26.

By Fourier-transforming the interference signal output from thephoto-detector 26 according to the interference light detected by thephoto-detector 26, the reflected light intensity distribution of thespheroid Sp in the depth direction, i.e. in the Z direction at theincident position of the light beam L2 is obtained. By scanning thelight beam L2 incident on the container 11 in the X direction, thereflected light intensity distribution in a plane parallel to an XZplane is obtained, with the result that a tomographic image of thespheroid Sp having this plane as a cross-section can be generated. Inthis specification, a series of operations for obtaining one tomographicimage It in a cross-section parallel to the XZ plane by beam scanning inthe X direction is referred to as one imaging.

As shown in FIG. 2B, a number of tomographic images It of the spheroidSp are obtained along cross-sectional surfaces which are parallel to theXZ plane by changing the incident position of the light L2 along the Ydirection over multiple steps and imaging a tomographic image for everychange. As the scan pitch in the Y direction is reduced, it is possibleto obtain image data with sufficient resolution to grasp thestereoscopic structure of the spheroid Sp. As indicated by thedotted-line arrow, the relative position of the imaging unit 20 to thewell W is changed along the Y direction over multiple steps, and atomographic image is imaged for every change. Scan movements of thelight beam in X and Y direction are realized as an optical device (notshown) changing an optical path such as a Galvanometer mirror changesthe incident position of the light beam to X and Y direction, thecontainer 11 carrying the spheroid Sp and imaging unit 20 relativelymove to X and Y direction or the like.

Note that, in the imaging unit 20 of the above description, it is thebeam splitter 22 that has a function of dividing the light from thelight source 21 to the illumination light and the reference light and afunction of mixing the signal light and the reference light to causeinterference. On the other hand, some of OCT imaging apparatuses areknown to have a dividing/mixing function, for example, an optical fibercoupler besides such a beam splitter as one of various optical devicescapable of branching and mixing light waves.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing other configuration examples of theOCT apparatus. Note that, in the following description, constituentcomponents same as or corresponding to those of other embodiments aredenoted by the same reference signs to facilitate understanding. Thestructures and functions thereof are basically the same as those of theembodiment unless particularly described, and thereby the detaildescription is omitted. An OCT imaging principle for detectinginterference light by the optical fiber coupler is not described indetail since it is known.

In an example shown in FIG. 3A, an imaging unit 20 a includes an opticalfiber coupler 220 instead of the beam splitter 22 as an optical device.One 221 of optical fibers constituting the optical fiber coupler 220 isconnected to a light source 21 and low-coherence light emitted from thelight source 21 is branched into lights to two optical fibers 222, 224by the optical fiber coupler 220. The optical fiber 222 constitutes anobject side optical path. More specifically, light emitted from an endpart of the optical fiber 222 is incident on an objective optical system23 via a collimator lens 223. Reflected light (signal light) from animaging object is incident on the optical fiber 222 via the objectiveoptical system 23 and the collimator lens 223.

Another optical fiber 224 constitutes a reference side optical path.More specifically, light emitted from an end part of the optical fiber224 is incident on a reference mirror 24 via a collimator lens 225.Reflected light (reference light) from the reference mirror 24 isincident on the optical fiber 224 via the collimator lens 225. Thesignal light propagating in the optical fiber 222 and the referencelight propagating in the optical fiber 224 interfere in the opticalfiber coupler 220 and interference light is incident on a photo-detector26 via an optical fiber 226 and a spectroscope 25. An intensitydistribution of the reflected light on the imaging object is obtainedfrom the interference light received from the photo-detector 26 as inthe above embodiment.

Also in an example shown in FIG. 3B, an optical fiber coupler 220 isprovided in an imaging unit 20 b. However, an optical fiber 224 is notused and a collimator lens 223 and a beam splitter 227 as an opticaldevice are provided on an optical path of light emitted from an opticalfiber 222. As in the embodiment described above, an objective opticalsystem 23 and a reference mirror 24 are arranged on two optical pathsbranched by the beam splitter 227. In such a configuration, signal lightand reference light are mixed by the beam splitter 227 and interferencelight generated thereby is guided to a photo-detector 26 through theoptical fibers 222, 226.

In these examples, the optical path of each light propagating in a spaceis partially replaced by an optical fiber in the principle diagram ofFIG. 1, but the operation principle is the same. Also in these examples,a focal depth of an objective optical system 23 with respect to theimaging object can be adjusted by moving the objective optical system 23in directions toward and away from the container 11 by the focusingmechanism 41. Further, the mirror driving mechanism 42 moves thereference mirror 24 along the incident direction of the light, wherebythe optical path length of the reference light can be changed.

An imaging operation by this image processing apparatus 1 is describedbelow. The same imaging operation can be performed regardless of theconfiguration of the imaging unit using the beam splitter describedabove or that using an optical fiber coupler.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a positional relationshipbetween the focal depth of the objective optical system and thereference plane. FIGS. 5A to 5C are drawings showing a relationshipbetween the position of the reference plane and the reflected lightintensity distribution. In the OCT imaging apparatus, a position wherethe optical path length of the signal light is equal to that of thereflected light serves, in principle, as a reference position of theimage in the depth direction.

In the following description, in an objective optical path along whichthe illumination light L2 and the signal light L4 propagate via theobjective optical system 23, a position corresponding to the reflectionsurface of the reference mirror 24 in a reference optical path isreferred to as a reference plane Sr as shown in FIG. 4. Further, asurface of the bottom part 111 of the container 11 close to the spheroidSp as an imaging object (i.e. inner bottom surface in contact with theculture medium) is referred to as an upper bottom surface Sa and anouter bottom surface of the bottom part 111 of the container 11 oppositeto the upper bottom surface Sa is referred to as a lower bottom surfaceSb. Furthermore, a focal plane of the objective optical system 23, i.e.a plane including an object-side focal point FP of the objective opticalsystem 23 and perpendicular to an optical axis AX of the objectiveoptical system 23, is denoted by reference sign Sf.

For later description, a distance between the upper bottom surface Saand the lower bottom surface Sb, i.e. a thickness of the containerbottom part 111 is denoted by reference sign T. Further, a distancebetween the upper bottom surface Sa and the focal plane Sf, i.e. adistance from the inner bottom surface of the container 11 to the focalpoint FP, is denoted by reference sign D. This distance D can be said tobe a focal depth of the objective optical system 23 when the innerbottom surface (upper bottom surface Sa) of the container 11 is astarting point.

If a virtual reflected surface is present in the reference plane Sr inthe objective optical path, an optical path length (from the lightsource 21 to the photo-detector 26) of light reflected by thisreflection surface is equal to an optical path length (from the lightsource 21 to the photo-detector 26) of light reflected by the reflectionsurface of the reference mirror 24. The position of each reflectionsurface near the imaging object in the depth direction is expressed by adistance in the Z direction from the reference plane Sr.

When the imaging object (spheroid Sp) has a reflection surface in thefocal plane Sf, a signal of a level corresponding to a reflected lightintensity from this reflection surface appears at a depth positioncorresponding to a distance from the reference plane Sr to thisreflection surface (i.e. focal plane Sf) in the reflected lightintensity distribution after the Fourier transform. In the actualimaging object, signals corresponding to reflected lights fromreflection surfaces at various depths appear at respective positions andthose signals are superimposed in the reflected light intensitydistribution. However, only the signal from the reflection surface inthe focal plane Sf is thought here to facilitate understanding.

The flat surfaces Sa, Sb of the container bottom part 111 are alsostrong reflection surfaces and signals corresponding to theserespectively appear at positions corresponding to distances from thereference plane Sr in the reflected light intensity distribution. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 5A, a signal P1 f corresponding to the focalplane Sf, a signal P1 a corresponding to the upper bottom surface Sa anda signal P1 b corresponding to the lower bottom surface Sb respectivelyappear at positions corresponding to distances from the reference planeSr in the reflected light intensity distribution. Since these signalsappear at different positions also in the reflected light intensitydistribution if the respective reflection surface are separated in anactual space, these signals can be separated from each other if theresolution of the image processing apparatus 1 is sufficiently high.

On the other hand, in the reflected light intensity distributionobtained in the FD-OCT imaging technique, signals complex conjugate withthe signals from the respective reflection surfaces appear, inprinciple, at positions symmetrical with the respective reflectionsurfaces with respect to the reference plane Sr. Specifically, a complexconjugate signal P2 f appears at a position conjugate with the signal P1f corresponding to the focal plane Sf. Similarly, a complex conjugatesignal P2 a appears at a position conjugate with the signal P1 acorresponding to the upper bottom surface Sa, and a complex conjugatesignal P2 b appears at a position conjugate with the signal P1 bcorresponding to the lower bottom surface Sb. Signals from reflectionsurfaces present in the actual space may be referred to as “actualsignals” for distinction from the complex conjugate signals below.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when the reference plane Sr is located below thelower bottom surface Sb of the container 11, the complex conjugatesignals P2 f, P2 a and P2 b appear on a (−Z) side, which is acomputational virtual space. Thus, these signals do not influencereflected light intensities from the reflection surfaces in the actualspace detected on a (+Z) side. However, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C,complex conjugate signals of actual signals appearing on the (−Z) sidemay appear at conjugate positions on the (+Z) side depending on thesetting of the reference plane Sr.

For example, in an example shown in FIG. 5B, the reference plane Sr islocated between the focal plane Sf and the upper bottom surface Sa.Therefore, the complex conjugate signals P2 a, P2 b corresponding to theupper bottom surface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sb appear on the(+Z) side. Also in this case, the actual signal P1 f corresponding tothe focal plane Sf is separated from the other complex conjugate signalsand, hence, can be detected. However, in an example shown in FIG. 5C inwhich the setting of the reference plane Sr is slightly different fromthat in the example of FIG. 5B, the actual signal P1 f corresponding tothe focal plane Sf and the complex conjugate signal P2 a correspondingto the upper bottom surface Sa overlap in a (+Z) region and it isimpossible to singly detect the signal P1 f corresponding to the focalplane Sf.

As just described, even with the FD-OCT imaging technique, in principle,capable of imaging a range wide in a depth direction, it could bedifficult to detect an actual signal from an imaging object due to theoverlapping of a complex conjugate signal corresponding to a containerbottom surface with the actual signal in imaging via a container bottomsurface acting as a strong reflection surface. Particularly, when thebottom surface acts as a strong reflection surface, the complexconjugate signal corresponding to the bottom surface may shield theactual signal of the imaging object beyond a level of mere image noise.Thus, the influence of complex conjugate noise due to the containerbottom surface is considerably larger than that of complex conjugatenoise due to the imaging object itself.

Unlike the imaging object such as the spheroid Sp whose shape, size,internal structure and the like are indefinite, it is possible to graspthe shape and dimensions of the bottom surfaces of the container 11 forcarrying the imaging object in advance. Specifically, the upper bottomsurface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sb serve as strong reflectionsurfaces in the container bottom part 111 and no strong reflectionsurface is present between the both. Thus, the appearing complexconjugate signals are only due to the upper bottom surface Sa and thelower bottom surface Sb and no complex conjugate signal appears betweenthose.

Further, if the upper bottom surface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sbare smooth surfaces, the complex conjugate signals P2 a, P2 b due tothese appear as sharp peaks and the spreads thereof are small. When thereference plane Sr is set at a certain position, it is possible toestimate in advance at which positions in the reflected light intensitydistribution peaks of the complex conjugate signals due to the upperbottom surface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sb appear. Further,although the positions of those peaks change according to the setting ofthe reference plane Sr, a distance between the both peaks is determinedby a thickness T of the container bottom part 111 and invariable withrespect to the setting of the reference plane Sr.

From these, it is expected that the influence of the container bottomsurfaces is prevented from appearing for at least a partial region to beimaged by appropriately setting the reference plane Sr and managing theappearing positions of the complex conjugate signals. Specifically, asdescribed next, the complex conjugate signals due to the containerbottom surfaces may be set to appear at positions as distant as possiblefrom the focal plane Sf of the objective optical system 23. By doing so,the reflected light intensity distribution unaffected by the complexconjugate noise can be obtained at least at the focal depth and inranges near the focal depth.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are drawings showing the principle of the imagingoperation in this imaging apparatus. More specifically, FIG. 6A is adrawing showing a positional relationship between the focus position inthe image processing apparatus 1 and the complex conjugate signals dueto the bottom surfaces. Further, FIG. 6B is a drawing schematicallyshowing a method for constituting one tomographic image from a pluralityof partial images. As shown in FIG. 6A, the actual signal P1 f from thefocal plane Sf appears at the position of a focal depth Zf of theobjective optical system 23 in the reflected light intensitydistribution in the depth direction (Z direction). The peak of thecomplex conjugate signal P2 a corresponding to the upper bottom surfaceSa of the container 11 and that of the complex conjugate signal P2 bcorresponding to the lower bottom surface Sb vary in position in the Zdirection according to the setting of the reference plane Sr, but aninter-peak distance is invariable.

As shown in FIG. 6A, when the two peaks of the complex conjugate signalsappear at opposite sides of a position corresponding to the focal depthZf, there is no influence of the complex conjugate noise due to thecontainer bottom surfaces inside a region Re between these peaks. Thisregion Re is also a region which includes a position corresponding tothe focal depth Zf and where best resolution is obtained in the depthdirection. Thus, in a tomographic image obtained from the reflectedlight intensity distribution in this region Re, there is no influence ofthe complex conjugate noise due to the container bottom surfaces. Inaddition, since the tomographic image is detected in a focused state,image quality is also good. In this sense, this region Re is referred toas an “effective region” here and a length thereof in the Z direction isreferred to as an “effective height” and denoted by reference sign Ze.

In FD-OCT imaging, a range wide in the depth direction can be, inprinciple, collectively imaged. However, as is clear from FIG. 6A, thetomographic image unaffected by the complex conjugate noise can beobtained only in the effective region Re between the two peaks P2 a, P2b of the complex conjugate signals.

If the height of the range to be imaged in the Z direction is largerthan the effective height Ze, a tomographic image It covering the entirerange to be imaged can be generated by arranging and combining, in the Zdirection, a plurality of partial images Ip imaged at imaging positionsdifferent in the Z direction.

When the imaging object is the spheroid Sp, the height thereof isroughly about several μm to several hundreds of μm. On the other hand,the thickness T of the container bottom part 111 is generally severalhundreds of μm to several mm. Thus, there are cases where the entireimaging object can be accommodated in the tomographic image obtained byone imaging and cases where it is not possible. If the entire imagingobject cannot be accommodated in the tomographic image obtained by oneimaging, imaging may be performed a plurality of number of times atimaging positions different in the Z direction as described above.

At this time, to improve image quality in each partial image Ip, it isdesirable to change the focal depth Zf of the objective optical system23 in accordance with the imaging range for the imaging of each partialimage Ip. Here, it is further desirable to change the setting of thereference plane Sr in conjunction with the change of the focal depth Zf.This is for the following reason. To eliminate the influence of thecomplex conjugate noise due to the container bottom surfaces, it isdesirable to also shift the position of the effective region Re in the Zdirection according to a change of the focal depth Zf. To this end, thepeak appearing positions of the complex conjugate signals need to beshifted in conjunction with the focus position.

In other words, by changing the position of the reference plane Sr inconjunction with the focal depth Zf during imaging, the partial imagesIp in which the complex conjugate noise due to the container bottomsurfaces is eliminated and which is imaged in the focused state can beobtained. By combining the plurality of partial images Ip havingdifferent focal depths Zf, the tomographic image It in which theinfluence of the complex conjugate noise due to the container bottomsurfaces is eliminated in the entire image, focused at each depth andhaving excellent image quality can be obtained.

Next, a method for setting the reference plane matching the abovecondition is described. As described above, in the imaging operation ofthis image processing apparatus 1, the reference plane is set accordingto the setting of the focal depth of the objective optical system 23.The reference plane is set by setting the optical path length of thereference light.

FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the principle of setting the reference planecorresponding to the focal depth. As shown on the left end of FIG. 7,the distance between the upper bottom surface Sa and the lower bottomsurface Sb of the container 11 is expressed as the thickness T of thecontainer bottom part and the distance between the focal plane Sfincluding the focal point FP of the objective optical system 23 and theupper bottom surface Sa is expressed as the focal depth D.

As a case (a) shown in FIG. 7, in the reflected light intensitydistribution after the Fourier transform, the actual signals P1 f, P1 aand P1 b corresponding to the focal plane Sf, the upper bottom surfaceSa and the lower bottom surface Sb appear at positions corresponding tothe positions of the respective surfaces in the depth direction. In thereflected light intensity distribution obtained by actually performingthe Fourier transform, the complex conjugate signals of the respectivesignals are superimposed. Here, it is tried to derive a condition underwhich the actual signal corresponding to the focal plane Sf is locatedbetween the peaks of the complex conjugate signals corresponding to thecontainer bottom surfaces.

To obtain the condition under which the actual signal P1 f correspondingto the focal plane Sf is located between the complex conjugate signalsP2 a, P2 b due to the container bottom surfaces, a condition under whichthe actual signal P1 f corresponding to the focal plane Sf overlaps withthe complex conjugate signal P2 a due to the upper bottom surface Sa asa case (b) shown in FIG. 7 and a condition under which the actual signalP1 f corresponding to the focal plane Sf overlaps with the complexconjugate signal P2 b due to the lower bottom surface Sb as a case (c)shown in FIG. 7 are considered.

First, the condition under which the actual signal P1 f corresponding tothe focal plane Sf overlaps with the complex conjugate signal P2 a dueto the upper bottom surface Sa as the case (b) shown in FIG. 7 isconsidered. Here, the position of the reference plane Sr in the Zdirection is denoted by reference sign Zr and the distance from thelower bottom surface Sb of the container 11 to the reference plane Sr isdenoted by reference sign R. Then, a relationship of the followingequation is obtained from a positional relationship shown in FIG. 7 asthe case (b):R=D/2+T=(D+2T)/2  (1).The value D is uniquely determined if the focal depth during imaging isdetermined. The value T is uniquely determined if the container 11 isdetermined.

On the other hand, the condition under which the actual signal P1 fcorresponding to the focal plane Sf overlaps with the complex conjugatesignal P2 b due to the lower bottom surface Sb as the case (c) shown inFIG. 7 is considered. At this time, a relationship of the followingequation is obtained from a positional relationship shown in FIG. 7 asthe case (c):R=(D+T)/2  (2).

The condition under which the actual signal P1 f corresponding to thefocal plane Sf is located between the complex conjugate signals P2 a, P2b due to the container bottom surfaces is that the value R is locatedbetween the value expressed by the above equation (1) and the valueexpressed by the above equation (2). Thus, a condition for this isexpressed by the following inequality:(D+T)/2<R<(D+2T)/2  (3).Thus, it is understood that the position of the reference plane Sr maybe set according to the focal depth such that the value R satisfies therelationship of the above inequality (3).

A condition under which the actual signal P1 f appears at just a middleposition between the two complex conjugate signals P2 a, P2 b as a case(d) shown in FIG. 7 is considered as a special example. From apositional relationship shown in FIG. 7 as the case (d), the position ofthe reference plane Sr may be set to satisfy the following equation:R=D/2+3T/4  (4).When such a condition is satisfied, the effective region Re has the samedegree of spread in the (+Z) direction and (−Z) direction with the focaldepth Zf as a center. If the objective optical system 23 has a focusingrange (range in the depth of field) having the same degree of spread inthe (+Z) direction and (−Z) direction with the focus position FP as acenter, imaging can be performed with good image quality mosteffectively utilizing the focusing range of the objective optical system23 by setting the position of the reference plane Sr to satisfy thecondition of the above equation (4).

Note that the above consideration is satisfied when the spreads of thepeaks P2 a, P2 b of the complex conjugate signals can be ignored. Whenthe spreads of these peaks P2 a, P2 b are large, these peaks P2 a, P2 bmay possibly indivisibly overlap with the actual signal P1 f in regionsclose to upper and lower limits out of the range of the value Rexpressed by the above inequality (3). The condition in the case takinginto account the spreads of the peaks can be obtained as follows.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are drawings showing a concept when the peaks of thecomplex conjugate signals have certain spreads. As shown in FIG. 8A, thepeaks P2 a, P2 b of the complex conjugate signals are respectivelyassumed to have a spread of about 2Δ. A value A can be, for example,specified by a half width at half maximum of a peak. FIG. 8A correspondsto a case where the influence of a peak width is added to the case (b)of FIG. 7. Specifically, FIG. 8A shows a condition under which theactual signal P1 f does not strictly match the peak P2 a of the complexconjugate signal and is shifted to a peak P1 a of another complexconjugate signal by about the half width at half maximum Δ of the peakP2 a. In such a case, it is avoided that the actual signal P1 f isshielded by the peak P2 a of the complex conjugate signal.

At this time, the following equation is satisfied from a positionalrelationship shown in FIG. 8A:R=(D−Δ)/2+T=(D−Δ+2T)/2  (1a).

Although not shown, a relationship of the following equation issatisfied if a peak width is similarly added to the case (c) of FIG. 7:R=(D+Δ+T)/2  (2a).From these equations (1a) and (2a), a condition under which the actualsignal P1 f is not shielded also when the peak widths of the complexconjugate signals are considered is expressed by the followinginequality:(D+Δ+T)/2<R<(D−Δ+2T)/2  (3a).A possible range of the value R becomes narrower than the rangeexpressed by the inequality (3), but it is more reliably prevented thatthe actual signal P1 f is shielded by the spreads of the peaks of thecomplex conjugate signals.

Further, to make the actual signal P1 f and the complex conjugatesignals P2 a, P2 b more reliably separable, the actual signal P1 f mayappear at a position shifted by about twice the half width at halfmaximum Δ of the peak P2 a of the complex conjugate signal as shown inFIG. 8B. A condition for this in the case (b) of FIG. 7 is expressed bythe following equation:R=(D−2Δ)/2+T=(D−2Δ+2T)/2=D/2−Δ+T  (1b).Similarly, the case (c) of FIG. 7 is expressed by the followingequation:R=(D+2Δ+T)/2  (2b).From these, a possible preferable range of the value R is expressed bythe following inequality:(D+2Δ+T)/2<R<(D−2Δ+2T)/2  (3b).

The above conditional inequalities (3), (3a) and (3b) can be useddepending on to which degree the actual signal obtained from the imagingobject and the complex conjugate signals due to the container bottomsurfaces need to be separated. Specifically, the inequality (3) can beapplied when the widths of the peaks of the complex conjugate signalscan be substantially ignored. On the other hand, such as when the peaksof the complex conjugate signals have relatively large spreads or whenthe level of the actual signal is smaller than those of the complexconjugate signals, the inequality (3b) is preferably applied to morereliably eliminate the influence of the complex conjugate noise. Theinequality (3a) may be applied in an intermediate case between those.

The extents of the spreads of the complex conjugate signals due to thecontainer bottom surfaces depend on surface states of the containerbottom surfaces. Specifically, if the upper bottom surface Sa and thelower bottom surface Sb of the container 11 are highly smooth surfaces,the peaks of the complex conjugate signals are sharp. As the surfaceroughness of the upper bottom surface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sbincreases, the peak widths increase. Thus, the spreads of the complexconjugate signals can be estimated from the states of the containerbottom surfaces.

Note that the above inequalities (3), (3a) and (3b) express a preferablerange of the value R representing the position of the reference planecorresponding to the focal depth D and the container bottom partthickness T. However, it is not essential to give such a range for thevalue R in deriving the position of the reference plane according to thecontainer bottom part thickness T and the focal depth D. Specifically,the value R may be uniquely determined using a function having thevalues D, T as variables, i.e. the following equation:R=F(D,T)  (5).In short, the function F(D, T) may be determined such that the value Rgiven by the function F(D, T) shown in the equation (5) falls within therange expressed by any one of the conditional inequalities (3), (3a) and(3b) with respect to arbitrary values D, T.

In this embodiment, it is assumed that the position of the referenceplane Sr is determined using the above equation (4) to effectivelyutilize the signals from the focusing range near the focus position ofthe objective optical system 23. Specifically, when the container bottompart thickness T and the focal depth D of the objective optical system23 on the basis of the upper bottom surface Sa of the container aregiven, the position of the reference mirror 24 specifying the opticalpath length of the reference light is set such that the value Rcorresponding to the position of the reference plane on the basis of thelower bottom surface Sb of the container becomes a value expressed bythe equation (4).

FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the imaging operation in this imageprocessing apparatus. When the container 11 carrying the spheroid Sp asan imaging object is set in the holder 10 (Step S101), the CPU 31obtains information on the bottom part thickness T of this container 11(Step S102). This information may be input using the input device 351 bya user or information corresponding to the used container 11 may be readfrom a database on containers registered in the memory 37 in advance. Inthis way, the CPU 31 obtains the information on the bottom partthickness T of the container 11.

The imaging object is imaged a plurality of number of times while thefocal depth is changed and set in multiple stages. Specifically, atfirst, the focal depth D of the objective optical system 23 is set at apredetermined initial value by the focusing mechanism 41 (Step S103).Subsequently, the CPU 31 determines whether or not the set focal depth Dis equal to or larger than half the container bottom part thickness T(Step S104).

If the focal depth D is equal to or larger than half the containerbottom part thickness T (YES in Step S104), the CPU 31 derives theposition of the reference mirror 24 using the equation (4) describedabove. According to this, the mirror driving mechanism 42 positions thereference mirror 24 at the obtained position (Step S105). On the otherhand, if the focal depth D is smaller than half the container bottompart thickness T (NO in Step S104), the CPU 31 controls the mirrordriving mechanism 42, as a special case, such that the value Rcorresponding to the position of the reference plane matches the bottompart thickness T of the container 11 and the position of the referencemirror 24 is set to satisfy this condition (Step S106). The reason forthis is described later.

With the focal depth and the reference plane set in this way, lowcoherence light in a wide band is emitted from the light source 21 andinterference light of signal light emitted from the imaging object andthe reference light is detected. The interference light is spectrallydiffracted by the spectroscope 25, an intensity of each wavelengthcomponent is detected by the photo-detector 26. An output signal of thephoto-detector 26 is given as spectrum information to the CPU 31. Thelight irradiation to the imaging object and the detection of theinterference light are performed a plurality of number of times while alight incident position is scanned in the X direction, and spectruminformation of the reflected light is obtained each time (Step S107).

The signal processor 33 obtains a reflected light intensity distributionfrom a reflection surface present near the focal depth byFourier-transforming the spectrum information given from the CPU 31(Step S108). Note that this calculation may be performed after allimaging is finished. As described above, the reflected light intensityfrom the imaging object can be effectively obtained only in theeffective region Re between the peaks of the complex conjugate signalscorresponding to the container bottom surfaces. Regions outside theeffective region Re may be excluded from a calculation target of thereflected light intensity distribution or these regions may be includedin a processing target when the reflected light intensity distributionis calculated and, then, may be deleted when images are combined later.

Until the set value of the focal depth reaches a predetermined finalvalue (Step S109), imaging is repeated while the focal depth is changedstep by step (Step S110). A change step width of the focal depth may bedetermined in advance or may be set according to the bottom partthickness T of the container 11. To obtain a tomographic image focusedin the entire image, the change step width is desirably equal to orsmaller than the height Ze of the effective region Re.

Note that there is a possible case where the depth of field of theobjective optical system 23 is smaller than the effective height Zedetermined by an interval between the complex conjugate signals such asbecause the objective optical system 23 has a high magnification or alarge numerical aperture. In this case, the above effective region Remay be maintained while allowing that an end part of the effectiveregion Re is partially excluded from the focusing range of the objectiveoptical system 23, or the effective region Re may be limited to a depthrange determined by the depth of field of the objective optical system23.

When imaging is finished (YES in Step s109), the signal processor 33generates a tomographic image It of the imaging object in onecross-section parallel to the XZ plane by combining partial images Ipobtained at the respective focal depths (Step S111). If necessary, aplurality of tomographic images It at positions different in the Ydirection can be obtained by repeating the above imaging operation whilechanging the position in the Y direction. The 3D restoration section 34can generate a stereoscopic image of the imaging object from thesetomographic images It.

Next, there is described the reason why the position of the referencemirror 24 is set with R=T (Step S106) if the set focal depth D issmaller than half the container bottom part thickness (T/2) (NO in StepS104). As described thus far, the position of the reference mirror 24 isset in accordance with the equation (4) to locate the focus position inthe middle between the two complex conjugate signals due to thecontainer bottom surfaces in order to effectively utilize the focusingrange of the objective optical system 23. At this time, if the peakwidths of the complex conjugate signals are ignored, the range of theeffective region Re is (T/2) in each of the (+Z) direction and (−Z)direction from the focal depth as a center (see the case (d) of FIG. 7).

FIG. 10 is a drawing showing a reflected light peak position when thefocal depth is below half the container bottom part thickness. A case(a) in FIG. 10 is considered where the focal plane Sf is close to theupper bottom surface Sa of the container 11 and the focal depth D issmaller than half the container bottom part thickness T. At this time,if the reference plane is set in accordance with the equation (4) sothat the actual signal P1 f is located in the middle between the twocomplex conjugate signals P2 a, P2 b, the two complex conjugate signalsP2 a, P2 b appear at positions each distant from the position of theactual signal P1 f by (T/2) as a case (b) shown in FIG. 10.

However, the actual signal P1 a corresponding to the upper bottomsurface Sa of the container 11 appears at a position distant from theactual signal P1 f by D. Since D<(T/2), the effective region Re at thistime is limited to a region between the actual signal P1 a correspondingto the upper bottom surface Sa of the container 11 and the complexconjugate signal P2 b corresponding to the lower bottom surface Sb. Thatis, it is meaningless to set the position of the reference mirror 24such that the actual signal P1 f is located in the middle between thetwo complex conjugate signals P2 a, P2 b. Rather, this narrows theeffective region Re.

Accordingly, as a case (c) shown in FIG. 10, the position of thereference mirror 24 is set such that the actual signal P1 acorresponding to the upper bottom surface Sa of the container 11 and thecomplex conjugate signal P2 a conjugate with this actual signal P1 aoverlap, i.e. R=T. The effective region Re in this case is a regionbetween the actual signal P1 a corresponding to the upper bottom surfaceSa of the container 11 or the complex conjugate signal P2 a conjugatewith this actual signal P1 a and appearing at the same position and theother complex conjugate signal P2 b, and the effective region Re can bemade wider than in the case (b) shown in FIG. 10.

To enable this, in the imaging operation of FIG. 9, the position of thereference mirror 24 is set such that R=T regardless of the equation (4)when a relationship of D<(T/2) is satisfied for the set focal depth D.This is equivalent to the matching of the reference plane Sr with theupper bottom surface Sa of the container 11.

In this way, imaging can be performed effectively utilizing the focusingrange of the objective optical system 23. In a configuration forgenerating the tomographic image It by combining the plurality ofpartial images Ip, it is possible to reduce the number of the necessarypartial images Ip and shorten a time required for the generation of animage by maximally utilizing the focusing range of the objective opticalsystem 23. Also when imaging is performed at a plurality of focal depthsat which the relationship of D<(T/2) is satisfied, the reference mirror24 is fixed at the position where R=T regardless of the setting of thefocal depth. Since a step of moving the reference mirror 24 can beomitted, a processing time can also be shortened.

As described above, the image processing apparatus 1 of this embodimentis the imaging apparatus utilizing the Fourier domain (FD) OCT imagingprinciple, and has a function of changing the focal depth of theobjective optical system 23. When imaging is performed via the bottompart of the container 11, the optical path length of the referenceoptical path specifying the reference plane is set by adjusting theposition of the reference mirror 24 according to the setting of thefocal depth. A calculation equation for deriving the position of thereference plane is given as a function of the focal depth D and thethickness T of the bottom part of the container 11.

According to such a configuration, in the reflected light intensitydistribution in the depth direction, the complex conjugate signalscorresponding to the upper bottom surface Sa and the lower bottomsurface Sb of the container 11 can appear across the positioncorresponding to the focal depth. Since the interval between the twocomplex conjugate signals is a fixed value determined by the thickness Tof the bottom part of the container 11, imaging can be performed, as aresult, with the influence of the complex conjugate noise eliminated atthe focus position and in a range having a fixed width near the focusposition.

If necessary, a tomographic image including a range wider than theinterval between the two complex conjugate signals in the depthdirection can be generated by combining results obtained by imagingperformed a plurality of number of times at focus positions different inthe depth direction. At this time, the influence of the complexconjugate noise can be constantly eliminated near the focus position bychanging the position of the reference mirror 24 as the focus positionis changed. In addition, the image quality of the entire tomographicimage can be improved by combining partial images in relatively narrowranges imaged in the focused state to generate the tomographic image ina wider range.

As described above, the image processing apparatus 1 of this embodimentcorresponds to an “imaging apparatus” of the invention with the spheroidSp or the like as an “imaging object”. The imaging unit 20, 20 a, 20 bfunctions as a “detector” of the invention and, out of the control unit30, the CPU 31 functions as a “controller” of the invention and thesignal processor 33 functions as a “signal processor” of the invention.

Further, in the above embodiment, the bottom part 111 of the container11 corresponds to a “wall part” of the invention, and the upper bottomsurface Sa and the lower bottom surface Sb respectively correspond to a“first surface” and a “second surface” of the invention.

Note that the invention is not limited to the above embodiment andvarious changes other than those described above can be made withoutdeparting from the gist of the invention. For example, in the process ofderiving the position of the reference plane Sr in the above embodiment,the focal depth of the objective optical system 23 is expressed by thevalue D starting from the upper bottom surface Sa of the container 11and the position of the reference plane Sr is expressed by the value Rstarting from the lower bottom surface Sb of the container 11. However,based on which position each position is expressed is arbitrary, and aprocess substantially equivalent to the above technical concept can berealized by appropriately modifying each equation according to thearbitrarily selected expression.

Further, for example, the imaging object of the above embodiment is thespheroid Sp carried in the container called a dish in the form of ashallow plate. However, the types of the imaging object and thecontainer for carrying the imaging object are not limited to these. Forexample, cells and the like cultured in a well plate in which aplurality of wells capable of carrying specimens are provided on oneplate may be imaging objects.

Further, for example, the image processing apparatus 1 of the aboveembodiment images the imaging object in the container via the bottompart 111 of the container 11. However, an imaging direction is notlimited to this. For example, the present invention can be suitablyapplied also in the case of performing imaging via a side wall surfaceof the container storing the imaging object.

Further, for example, how to obtain the value R is changed depending onwhether the focal depth D is larger or smaller than half the containerbottom part thickness T in the above embodiment. However, it iseffective to obtain the value R in accordance with the equation (4) alsowhen the focal depth D is smaller than half the container bottom partthickness T. For example, in a situation where the narrowing of therange of the effective region Re is allowable, the equation (4) may beuniformly applied in the entire variable range of the focal depth D.

Further, for example, the equation (4) is employed such that the focusposition is located in the center of the region between the peaks of thetwo complex conjugate signals due to the container bottom surfaces inthe above embodiment. However, the focus position needs not always belocated just in the middle between the two peaks. For example, if thedepth of field of the objective optical system is larger than theinterval between the two peaks, the entire region between the both peakscan be included in the focusing range even if the focus position isdeviated from the center between the both peaks, and the quality of theobtained image is not different from that of the above embodiment. Apositional relationship between such a focus position and the peaks ofthe complex conjugate signals can be realized, using an equationobtained by adding an appropriate offset to the equation (4) or analternative equation obtained similarly to the equation (4) byappropriately modifying the value “T/2” in the case (d) of FIG. 7.

Further, for example, the tomographic image It is obtained by combiningthe partial images Ip imaged with the focal depth set in multiple stagesin the above embodiment. However, for example, if the container bottompart thickness and the depth of field of the objective optical systemare sufficiently larger than the height of the imaging object, theentire image of the imaging object can be obtained by one imaging. Alsoin this case, the influence of the complex conjugate noise due to thecontainer bottom surfaces on the imaging result can be effectivelyprevented by setting the optical path length of the reference light tosatisfy the above condition according to the setting of the focusposition.

Further, although the resolution of the objective optical system is notparticularly limited in the invention, the invention is particularlyeffective when imaging at a high magnification or with a high resolutionis required. The reason for that is as follows. Since a depth of fieldof an objective optical system becomes shallower when a highmagnification or a high resolution is required, the range of an image ina depth direction obtained by one imaging is limited even with an FD-OCTapparatus capable of imaging in a range wide in the depth direction.Thus, it may be necessary to perform imaging a plurality of number oftimes for a reason not directly related to the technical concept of theinvention. By applying the invention in such a case, the image obtainedby one imaging is not influenced by complex conjugate noise and can beentirely in a focused state. Thus, imaging can be performed with goodimage quality.

Further, a general-purpose processing apparatus having a generalconfiguration such as a personal computer or work station can be used asthe control unit 30 of the above embodiment. Specifically, the imageprocessing apparatus 1 may be configured by combining the imagingapparatus including the imaging unit 20 and the drive controller 40 andhaving a minimum control function for operating these and a personalcomputer or the like functioning as the control unit 30 by executing acontrol program describing the above processing contents.

As the specific embodiment has been illustrated and described above, aregion between a conjugate image of a first surface and that of a secondsurface out of a tomographic image obtained from a reflected lightintensity distribution obtained in one imaging may serve as an effectiveimage region. According to such a configuration, the image region notincluding noise due to the conjugate images of the first and secondsurfaces can be extracted as an effective image region.

Further, when T denotes a thickness of the wall part, D denotes adistance from the first surface to a focal point of the objectiveoptical system and R denotes a distance from the second surface to areference plane, which is a plane perpendicular to an optical path ofillumination light, an optical path length of the illumination light tothis plane being equal to an optical path length of the reference light,the optical path length of the reference light may be set to satisfy arelationship of:(D+T)/2<R<(D+2T)/2.When the reference plane is set so that the value R satisfies such acondition, the appearing positions of the conjugate images of the firstand second surfaces can be reliably positions at opposite sides of thefocal point of the objective optical system and the object of theinvention is achieved.

The value R in this case may be obtained by substituting the values Dand T into a predetermined function F(D, T) expressed by variables D andT. By preparing such a function in advance, the optical path length ofthe reference light can be immediately determined if the values D, T aredetermined.

More specifically, the function F(D, T) may be expressed by thefollowing equation:F(D,T)=D/2+3T/4.As described above, if the optical path length of the reference light isset in accordance with such a function expression, a position just inthe middle between the conjugate images of the first and second surfacesbecomes the focus position of the objective optical system. In this way,a tomographic image with good image quality can be generated,effectively utilizing detection results of the focusing range of theobjective optical system before and after the focus position.

Further, the detector may perform a plurality of detections for the sameimaging object at focal depths different from each other, and the signalprocessor may obtain the reflected light intensity distribution near thefocal point at the time of the detection for each of the plurality ofdetections. According to the principle of the invention, a depth rangein which the reflected light intensity distribution having the complexconjugate noise eliminated therefrom is obtained by one imaging islimited by the thickness of the container wall part. If a plurality ofdetection results in which the focal depths are different from eachother are overlapped, it is possible to obtain a tomographic image withgood image quality including a range exceeding the thickness of thecontainer wall part.

Further, the imaging apparatus according to this invention may includethe reference mirror arranged in the optical path of the reference lightto specify the optical path length of the reference light, and thecontroller may include a mirror driving mechanism for adjusting theoptical path length of the reference light by changing the position ofthe reference mirror and a focusing mechanism for adjusting the focaldepth by driving the objective optical system. Such a configurationenables the optical path length of the reference light to be changed andset by changing the position of the reference mirror according to thefocal depth of the objective optical system and is preferable incarrying out the invention.

Further, the imaging method according to this invention may include astep of obtaining information on the thickness of the wall part beforethe optical path length of the reference light is set. According to sucha configuration, the optical path length of the reference light iseasily adjusted to match the above condition based on the information onthe set value of the focal depth and the thickness of the wall part.

This invention can be applied to FD-OCT imaging techniques in general.Particularly, this invention can be suitably applied in the fields ofmedicine, biochemistry and drug discovery to image cells and cellclusters cultured in a container such as a dish.

Although the invention has been described with reference to specificembodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limitingsense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiment, as well asother embodiments of the present invention, will become apparent topersons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of theinvention. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims willcover any such modifications or embodiments as fall within the truescope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An imaging apparatus for tomographically imagingan imaging object stored in a container having an optically transparentwall part including a first wall surface facing the imaging object and asecond wall surface opposite to the first wall surface facing theimaging apparatus, the imaging apparatus comprising: an imaging unit,including at least a light source, a detector and an objective opticalsystem, which causes one branch light branched from low coherence lightin a wide band emitted from the light source to be incident asillumination light on the imaging object via the wall part, detects bythe detector, interference light generated by interference of signallight obtained by condensing reflected light from the imaging objectemitted via the wall part by the objective optical system and referencelight generated from another branch light and outputs an interferencesignal corresponding to the detected interference light; a signalprocessor which obtains a reflected light intensity distribution of theimaging object in an incident direction of the illumination light byFourier-transforming a spectrum of the interference light based on theinterference signal and generates a tomographic image from the reflectedlight intensity distribution; and a controller which changes a focaldepth of the objective optical system with respect to the imaging objectin the incident direction, the focal depth being defined as a distancebetween the first wall surface of the wall part and a focal plane of theobjective optical system, wherein the controller changes an optical pathlength of the reference light in conjunction with the setting of thefocal depth such that a position corresponding to the focal depth isbetween a first position where a complex conjugate signal of a firstplane appears and a second position where a complex conjugate signal ofa second plane appears in the reflected light intensity distributionrepresenting a relationship between a position in the incident directionand a reflected light intensity, the first plane corresponding to thefirst wall surface of the wall part and the second plane correspondingto another surface on a side opposite to the imaging object out of thesurfaces the second wall surface of the wall part, wherein the imagingunit includes a reference mirror which is disposed on an optical path ofthe reference light and defines the optical path length of the referencelight, and the optical path length of the reference light is set tosatisfy a relationship of:(D+T)/2<R<D+2T)/2 where T denotes a thickness of the wall part, Ddenotes a distance from the first plane to a focal point of theobjective optical system and R denotes a distance from the second planeto a reference plane, which is a plane perpendicular to an optical pathof illumination light, an optical path length of the illumination lightto the reference plane being equal to the optical path length of thereference light.
 2. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, whereina region between a conjugate image of the first surface and a conjugateimage of the second surface out of the tomographic image obtained fromthe reflected light intensity distribution obtained in one imaging isused as an effective image region.
 3. The imaging apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the value R is obtained by substituting the values Dand T into a predetermined function F(D, T) expressed by variables D andT.
 4. The imaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the functionF(D, T) is expressed by the following equation:F(D,T)=D/2+3T/4.
 5. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:the imaging unit performs a plurality of detections for the same imagingobject at focal depths different from each other; and the signalprocessor obtains the reflected light intensity distribution near thefocal point at a time of the detection for each of the plurality ofdetections.
 6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: theimaging unit includes a reference mirror which is arranged in a opticalpath of the reference light to specify the optical path length of thereference light; and the controller adjusts the optical path length ofthe reference light by changing a position of the reference mirror andadjusts the focal depth by driving the objective optical system.
 7. Animaging method for tomographically imaging an imaging object stored in acontainer having an optical optically transparent wall part including afirst wall surface facing the imaging object and a second wall surfaceopposite to the first wall surface facing an imaging unit, the imagingmethod comprising: causing one branch light branched from low coherencelight in a wide band emitted from a light source to be incident asillumination light on the imaging object via the wall part; detectinginterference light generated by interference of signal light obtained bycondensing reflected light from the imaging object emitted via the wallpart by an objective optical system and reference light generated fromanother branch light and outputting an interference signal correspondingto the detected interference light; obtaining a reflected lightintensity distribution of the imaging object in an incident direction ofthe illumination light by Fourier-transforming a spectrum of theinterference light based on the interference signal; and generating atomographic image from the reflected light intensity distribution,wherein: a focal depth of the objective optical system with respect tothe imaging object in the incident direction is changeable, the focaldepth being defined as a distance between the first wall surface of thewall part and a focal plane of the objective optical system; and anoptical path length of the reference light is changed in conjunctionwith a setting of the focal depth such that a position corresponding tothe focal depth is between a first position where a complex conjugatesignal of a first plane appears and a second position where a complexconjugate signal of a second plane appears in the reflected lightintensity distribution representing a relationship between a position inthe incident direction and a reflected light intensity, the first planecorresponding to the first wall surface of the wall part and the secondplane corresponding to the second wall surface of the wall part, whereina reference mirror which is disposed on an optical path of the referencelight and defines the optical path length of the reference light, andthe optical path length of the reference light is set to satisfy arelationship of:(D+T)/2<R<D+2T)/2 where T denotes a thickness of the wall part, Ddenotes a distance from the first plane to a focal point of theobjective optical system and R denotes a distance from the second planeto a reference plane, which is a plane perpendicular to an optical pathof illumination light, an optical path length of the illumination lightto the reference plane being equal to the optical path length of thereference light.
 8. The imaging method according to claim 7, wherein aregion between a conjugate image of the first plane and a conjugateimage of the second plane out of the tomographic image obtained from thereflected light intensity distribution obtained in one imaging is usedas an effective image region.
 9. The imaging method according to claim8, wherein: a plurality of detections are performed for the same imagingobject at focal depths different from each other; and the reflectedlight intensity distribution near the focal point at a time of thedetection is executed for each of the plurality of detections.
 10. Theimaging method according to claim 7, further comprising obtaininginformation on the thickness of the wall part before the optical pathlength of the reference light is set.